INTRODUCTION: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the effect of structured short motivational interviewing in exercise and diet-related behavioral changes in type 2 diabetes patients in primary care.
METHODS: Participants were divided into control and intervention groups. The study was single-blinded, and only the researchers know the participants in each group. The intervention group received a motivating in-terview-based intervention a total of 4 times in the 1st month of the study and followed up in the 3rd month. The control group was followed by family physicians and evaluated at 3 months without any motivational intervention. One-week pedometer, international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ2) scores, daily calorie intake, EuroQol (EQ5D), multidimensional diabetes questionnaire (MDQ), and motivational assessment scale were used at the beginning of the study and the 3rd-month follow-up.
RESULTS: The study included 84 (51.5%) participants in the intervention group and 79 (48.5%) patients in the control group. There was a significant difference between the control and intervention groups in terms of a 1-week pedometer (2785.0 [1002.0–7240.0] step/day vs. 5231.0 [1364.0–11827.0] step/day, p<0.001), IPAQ2 scores (0.0 [0.0–1056.0] vs. 495.0 [0.0–1396.0], p<0.001), EQ5D scale total scores (5.0 [5.0–10.0] vs. 5.0 [5.0–8.0], p=0.006), and MDQ scale total scores (607.0 [244.0–847.0] vs. 730.0 [235.0–847.0], p<0.001) at the 3rd-month follow-up.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: A structured motivational interviewing model that can be used in primary care may be effective in developing lifestyle changes in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to identify the birth-related experiences and expectations of the men who be-came fathers for the 1st time
METHODS: The research was carried out between March 2020 and March 2021. A qualitative approach using individual interviews was applied using an interview guide consisting of semi-structured open-ended questions. Fathers who were 1st-time fathers and whose spouses had vaginal birth were included in the study.
RESULTS: A total of 12 fathers were included in the study. The interview form was analyzed through qualitative thematic content analysis. First, a total of 19 codes were designated. Subsequently, these codes were combined and categorized into four main themes and 15 sub-themes. The analysis brought four main themes into being: (1) Emotional reactions, (2) childbirth experience, (3) expectations, and (4) recommendations for prospective fathers. Prospective fathers were experiencing the emotions such as excitement, happiness, and uneasiness simultaneously. It was found that the fathers who were not allowed to accompany their spouses during childbirth were disappointed.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Fathers reported that during childbirth, they expected to get attention from health professionals and be informed about the childbirth process by the health professionals. Thus, it can be recommended that the health professionals not be solely focused on the incident of childbirth but also address the pregnant woman as a whole with her environment and take the fathers’ needs into consideration in this process.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to investigate the role of Helicobacter pylori (HP) in hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) by detecting HP immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody in serum and HP antigen in stool.
METHODS: Pregnant women between the ages of 18 and 35 and between 6 and 18 weeks of gestation who applied to the obstetrics clinic between January and December 2022 were included in the study. While pregnant women with HG were considered in the HG group, those without HG were considered in the control group. The sociodemographic and obstetrics characteristics and laboratory results of the participants were evaluated and compared between the groups. Anti-HP IgG screening was performed in serum, and the fecal HP antigen test was applied to stool samples.
RESULTS: A total of 60 pregnant women, 30 (50.0%) in the HG group and 30 (50.0%) in the control group, were included in the study. While stool HP antigen positivity was found in 20 (66.7%) pregnant in the HG group, it was detected in 10 (33.3%) pregnant in the control group (p=0.010). However, serum HP IgG antibody positivity was in 22 (73.3%) pregnant in the HG group and 17 (56.7%) pregnant in the control group (p=0.176).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The HP stool antigen test may be employed at diagnosis because it is non-invasive, exhibits high specificity and sensitivity, and is economical and also an active infection marker. Further studies with larger studies are now essential to elucidate this subject.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to evaluate the hand hygiene compliance of health-care professionals during the pandemic.
METHODS: In this descriptive study, a questionnaire which was accessible on “Google Forms” was applied to the doctors and nurses working across Turkey between June and July 2020. The questionnaire consisted of four parts, including sociodemographic data, working status during the pandemic period, hand hygiene compilation, and the hand hygiene belief scale (HHBS).
RESULTS: Nine hundred and forty-four individuals were included in this study. It was found that 312 (33.1%) participants were working with gloves before the pandemic, whereas this number increased to 614 (65.0%) after the pandemic (p<0.001). The number of people using double gloves during the pandemic was 307 (32.5%). There was no difference between gender, profession, duration of the profession, and encounter with a COVID-19 individual in terms of HHBS score (p=0.119, p=0.055, p=0.203, and p=0.450, respectively). While the HHBS score of those who were concerned about COVID was 80.9±16.5, those who did not concerned were 80.3±13.3 (p=0.035). Moreover, the HHBS score was 71.6±23.1 for those who washed their hands 1–4 times, 80.7±13.3 for those who washed their hands 5–9 times, and 80.9±13.8 for those who washed their hands ten and more times (p=0.021). The number of participants who agreed that hand hygiene education was a part of the curriculum was 501 (53.1%).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Although health-care professionals are more careful about hand hygiene during the pandemic period, personal habits may be effective in this behavior.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to evaluate drug compliance and its affecting factors in people aged 65 and over.
METHODS: People aged 65 and over living in Burdur between December 2019 and March 2020 were included in this descriptive study. The data were collected using a form seeking the participants’ demographic and medication use characteristics and the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale.
RESULTS: A total of 348 participants were included in the study, and the mean age was 74.9±7.2 years. It was determined that 256 (73.6%) of the elderly who participated in the study did not have any medication nonadherence, and 92 (26.4%) of them had low medication adherence. It was found that medication nonadherence was higher among those with insufficient/barely sufficient income (OR=1.888, 95%CI=1.114–3.201, p=0.018), not recognizing the medicines they used (OR=1.334, 95%CI=1.072–1.660, p=0.010), and in those believing intravenous medicines to be more efficient than other types of medicines (OR=2.016, 95%CI=1.172–3.468, p=0.011).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Medication nonadherence is quite common among older adults. Medication nonadherence is known to be a key factor for treatment failure. Therefore, it seems necessary to ensure medication literacy among older adults to eliminate medication non-adherence.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between frailty and functionality with late-life depression (LLD) in elderly people.
METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted on participants who were community-dwelling, aged 65 and over, followed by the Family Health Center, without cognitive impairment. General questionnaire form, standardized mini-mental state examination, Tilburg frailty indicator (TFI), Katz index of independence in activities of daily living (ADL) and Lawton instrumental ADL (IADL), and geriatric depression scale (GDS-30) were applied.
RESULTS: A total of 150 participants, and the median age of the participants was 71.0 (65.0–93.0) years. LLD was detected in 51 (34.0%) of the participants and the frequency of frailty was 60 (40.0%) of the participants. While 39 (76.5%) of the participants with LLD were fragile, 21 (21.2%) of the participants without LLD were fragile (p<0.001). The GDS-30 score was negatively correlated with Katz ADL and IADL scores and positively correlated with the TFI score (r=−0.269 and p=0.001; r=−0.266 and p=0.001; and r=0.735 and p=0.001, respectively).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: While the frequency of frailty is high in participants with LLD, a similar relationship with functionality was not observed.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of asthma and allergy symptoms and their relationship with sociodemographic factors in hospital admissions.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among a population of non-asthmatics aged 18–64 years who applied to the hospital between November 2020 and April 2021. The data of the study were collected through a sociodemographic form, asthma screening questionnaire, and an allergy questionnaire.
RESULTS: Of the 398 participants, 271 (68.1%) were female, and the mean age was 38.4±13.1 years. Of the participants, 45 (11.3%) have asthma, and 98 (24.6%) have allergy. In multivariable binary logistic regression analysis, the likelihood of asthma symptoms increased with education declining (OR=0.656, 95% CI=0.516–0.834, p=0.001). Moreover, the likelihood of allergy was found to be higher in those with a family history of asthma (OR=2.877, 95%CI=1.456–5.685, and p=0.002), and those getting younger (OR=0.969, 95%CI=0.950–0.988, and p=0.002).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: While asthma symptoms were less common in the study group, allergy symptoms were more common, and patients were living without a diagnosis. To increase awareness of asthma and allergy in society, education should be given by the health personnel, and messages should be given through mass media.

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to investigate the prevalence of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) vaccination, the level of COVID-19 fear, and associated factors among university students.
METHODS: This study is a cross-sectional study participated by university students from Maltepe University, Türkiye, between September 23 and November 26, 2021. An online questionnaire form was used in the study due to the pandemic. The questionnaire included sociodemographic and related COVID-19 characteristics and the fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S).
RESULTS: A total of 3216 university students, 2276 (70.8%) female, participated in this study. Three thousand ninety-two (96.1%) were vaccinated against COVID-19. The FCV-19S scores of those vaccinated against COVID-19 were 18.0±7.2, while the FVS scores of those who were not vaccinated were 15.7±8.3 (p=0.001). When the factors affecting vaccination with COVID-19 were evaluated by regression analysis, it was determined that the history of COVID-19 infection (OR=1.837, 95% CI=1.173–2.876, and p=0.008), FCV-19S (OR=1.041, 95% CI=1.014–1.070, and p=0.003), and recommending the COVID-19 vaccine to others (OR=24.585, 95% CI=15.658–38.602, and p<0.001) had an effect on vaccination.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study revealed that the overall vaccination frequency among university students is >96%, with different hesitancy frequency among university departments. Medical and health science students have the lowest frequency of vaccine hesitancy and lowest fear levels, suggesting that they know the COVID-19 process, and its consequences, and have accurate information about vaccines.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to assess the status of urban family practice program in Iran from the perspective of experts.
METHODS: This qualitative study with a phenomenological approach was conducted on July 20, 2021. Data were gathered using an interview guide (semi-structured interview), which outlined the urban family practice program in four dimensions program achievements, challenges, assessment indicators, and suggestions for program development.
RESULTS: A total of 19 participants were included in the study, and the mean age was 46.2±7.3 years. The participants reported the achievements of the urban family practice program in six areas of health indicators, financial protection, workforce, referral system, meeting the needs of the community, and universal health coverage. The challenges of this program were reported in five areas of financing, payment system, organization, rules and regulations, and behavior. Furthermore, the assessment indicators of the family practice program were in three sets of input, process, and output. Participants’ suggestions for improving the family practice program were divided into financing, payments, organization, rules and regulations, and behavior dimensions.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Urban family practice program in the implemented cities has many strengths and weaknesses. Participants suggested several ways to enhance the family practice program, such as aggregation of health insurance, making general reforms in the financing, raising service tariffs (outside the referral system), equity in paying public and private sector employees, training the required workforce, attracting the cooperation of specialized physicians, and integrating family practice program protocols in physicians’ training packages.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral disease that can show different clinical findings in different patients, mainly affecting the respiratory tract and progressing with the outcome of pneumonia. Involvement of the virus in different ways, from the brain to the gastrointestinal-genitourinary system, except the respiratory tract, has been reported in so many publications so far. Although eye involvement due to the disease is a relatively rare condition, it may cause visual problems either by the direct neurotoxic effect of the virus, autoimmune reactions, or some vascular pathologies. These findings usually occur in the subacute-advanced period of the disease or after the infection. In this case report, it is aimed to present the magnetic resonance imaging findings and clinical findings of a case with unilateral papillitis without optic neuritis findings in the early period of COVID-19, unlike the others.

The double appendix is an extremely rare condition. It can be overlooked by imaging methods. It is usually noticed as a result of abdominal exploration during surgery in cases operated for acute appendicitis. Both can be located close to each other in the cecum, or one can be in the cecum and the other anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract. Both may be inflamed at the same time, or one may be inflamed while the other may be normal. It is especially important in patients with appendectomy in the differential diagnosis, as it may cause a recurrent acute abdomen due to acute appendicitis. In this case report, it is aimed to share the clinical, laboratory, and radiological features of a case with a double appendix.

A 51-year-old female reported pain and an erythematous rash on the right side of her face, along with mouth deviation on the left side and inability to close her right eye for 23 days. The blisters ruptured and healed. Later, the patient reported severe pain and stiffness on the right side of her face. The patient was treated conservatively with medication and physiotherapy, which yielded satisfactory results. Varicella-zoster virus reactivation in ganglion in the 6th decade leads to the recurrence of Herpes. Due to their anatomical proximity, the lesion involved both the trigeminal and facial nerves, as we see in this case. It can be associated with many other symptoms and likewise got recognition as the Ramsay James Hunt Syndrome. At present, only 126 cases have been reported, making it quite a rare entity. Apart from management using drugs, physiotherapy also plays a primary role in the recovery of such cases. In this case report, it is aimed to present a herpes zoster case with the involvement of the trigeminal and facial nerves.